I. Tlhahlobo ea Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Tlhokomelo ea Likoloi
Tlhaloso ea Indasteri
Tlhokomelo ea likoloi e bolela tlhokomelo le tokiso ea likoloi. Ka mekhoa ea botekgeniki ea mahlale, likoloi tse nang le phoso li bonoa le ho hlahlojoa ho felisa likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa polokeho ka nako, e le hore likoloi li ka lula li le maemong a matle a ts'ebetso le bokhoni ba ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa sekhahla sa likoloi, le ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa tekheniki le ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso. e hlalosoang ke naha le indasteri.
Indasteri Chain
1. Ho ea holimo: Ho fana ka thepa ea ho lokisa likoloi le lisebelisoa le likarolo tse ling tsa koloi.
2 .Midstream: Likhoebo tse fapaneng tsa tlhokomelo ea likoloi.
3 .Downstream: Bareki ba Terminal ba tlhokomelo ea likoloi.
II. Tshekatsheko ya Maemo a Hona Jwale a Indasteri ya Tlhokomelo ya Dikoloi tsa Lefatshe Lohle le tsa China
Theknoloji ea Patent
Boemong ba thekenoloji ea patent, palo ea litokelo tsa molao indastering ea tlhokomelo ea likoloi ea lefats'e e ntse e boloka kholo e tsoelang pele lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho tloha bohareng ba 2022, palo e akaretsang ea litokelo tse amanang le tlhokomelo ea likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara e haufi le 29,800, e bontšang keketseho e itseng ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ea selemo se fetileng. Ho ea ka pono ea linaha tsa mehloli ea theknoloji, ha li bapisoa le linaha tse ling, palo ea likopo tsa patent bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea likoloi Chaena e ka pele. Qetellong ea 2021, palo ea likopo tsa theknoloji ea patent e ile ea feta 2,500, e behiloe pele lefatšeng. Palo ea likopo tsa patent bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea likoloi United States e haufi le 400, ea bobeli ho ea China. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, palo ea likopo tsa litokelo tsa molao linaheng tse ling lefats'eng e na le lekhalo le leholo.
Boholo ba 'Maraka
Tlhokomelo ea likoloi ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa ho lokisa le ho lokisa koloi 'me ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea 'maraka oohle oa likoloi. Ho ea ka khokahanyo le lipalo-palo tsa Beijing Research Precision Biz Information Consulting, ka 2021, boholo ba mmaraka oa indasteri ea tlhokomelo ea likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara bo feta lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 535, kholo ea selemo le selemo ea hoo e ka bang 10% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ka 2020. Ka 2022, boholo ba 'maraka oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi bo ntse bo eketseha, bo atamela lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 570, kholo ea hoo e ka bang 6.5% ha e bapisoa le qetellong ea selemo se fetileng. Sekhahla sa kholo ea boholo ba 'maraka se theohile. Ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea palo ea thekiso ea 'maraka oa likoloi tse sebelisitsoeng le ntlafatso ea maemo a moruo a baahi e boetse e tsamaisa keketseho ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo ea likoloi, ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea mmaraka oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi. Ho hakanngoa hore boholo ba mmaraka oa indasteri ea tlhokomelo ea likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara bo tla fihla ho lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 680 ka 2025, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se ka bang 6.4%.
Kabo ea Libaka
Ho latela pono ea 'maraka oa lefatše, linaheng tse kang United States, Japane le Korea Boroa, thekiso ea likoloi e qalile kapele haholo. Kamora nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea nako e telele, 'maraka oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi o ntse o bokellana butle-butle mme o nka karolo e phahameng haholo ea mmaraka ha e bapisoa le linaha tse ling. Ho latela lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka, qetellong ea 2021, karolo ea mmaraka ea 'maraka oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi United States e haufi le 30%, e leng se etsang hore e be 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Taba ea bobeli, mebaraka ea naha e ntseng e hlaha e emeloang ke China e ntse e hola ka potlako haholo, 'me karolo ea bona' marakeng oa lefats'e oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi e ntse e eketseha butle-butle. Selemong sona seo, karolo ea mmaraka ea 'maraka oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi oa China e boemong ba bobeli, e nka karolo ea 15%.
Sebopeho sa Maraka
Ho latela mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea makoloi, 'maraka o ka aroloa ka mefuta e joalo ka tlhokomelo ea koloi, tlhokomelo ea koloi, botle ba koloi le phetoho ea koloi. E arotsoe ka tekanyo ea boholo ba 'maraka o mong le o mong, ho tloha bofelong ba 2021, boholo ba mmaraka oa tlhokomelo ea likoloi bo feta halofo, bo fihla ho 52%; e lateloe ke libaka tsa tlhokomelo ea likoloi le libaka tsa botle ba likoloi, tse etsang 22% le 16% ka ho latellana. Liphetoho tsa likoloi li ka morao ka karolo ea 'maraka e ka bang 6%. Ho feta moo, mefuta e meng ea litšebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea likoloi ka kakaretso e etsa 4%.
Nako ea poso: Oct-22-2024